The role of innovation in employment growth, skill demand, and wages | LAER Vol. 32
This study’s main objective is assessing the effects of innovation on firms’ employment growth. Further, we aimed to examine the quality of jobs in terms of skills and wages. By applying a structural modeling ap- proach, four types of innovation were considered—namely, product, process, organizational, and marketing. This is the first study to evaluate the
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State dependence of fiscal multipliers in Chile | LAER Vol. 32
In studying the economic cycle dependency of fiscal multipliers in Chile, we implement an independent component analysis for structural shock identification within a non-linear vector autoregressive setting with generalized impulse response functions. Thereby we relax more restrictive assumptions adopted in previous studies, namely the a-priori assumption of a recursive model structure and the use of
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Heterogeneous returns of informality: Evidence from Brazil | LAER 31
This paper estimates the marginal treatment effect of formality on wages for Brazil at the individual level leveraging regional data on labor inspections for identification. The results show that there is significant essential heterogeneity among otherwise identical workers that lead them to self-select into the type of jobs, formal or informal, that better reward their
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Financial exclusion and financial literacy: Evidence from Mexico | LAER 31
The present study seeks to contribute to the understanding of the underlying factors that could explain the high levels of financial exclusion that persist in Mexico, in particular the role of financial literacy. Our analysis is based on the 2018 National Survey of Financial Inclusion in Mexico (ENIF). To address the potential endogeneity between financial
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Coffee in crisis offers a lesson in resilience: Evidence from Guatemala | LAER 31
The idea that resilience plays a role in mitigating the effects of disaster and climate change is be- coming widespread across the development community. Consequently, the concept of resilience has been translated into actionable metrics. In this paper, we use panel micro-data from coffee farmers in Guatemala severely affected by a widespread attack of Hemileia
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Convergence of carbon dioxide emissions in the Americas and its determinants | LAER 31
This paper investigates the convergence behaviour of carbon dioxide emissions for 39 countries in the Americas from 1960-2016. A linear regression test of convergence which looks for conditional sigma convergence is employed, and a clustering algorithm is used to identify convergence clubs. The results show evidence of convergence in the region for the long run.
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The dynamic linkages between exporting and importing in Colombian manufacturing | LAER 31
This paper analyses the dynamic linkages between firms’ imports of intermediate inputs and exports, for Colombia, an emerging economy. We use data for manufacturing firms from the Colombian Annual Manufacturing Survey, for the period 2007-2016. We specially focus on the identification of direct and indirect effects of past importing/exporting experience on the likelihood of exporting
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Technical efficiency, production risk, and sharecropping: the case of rice farming in Chile | LAER 31
Contractual relationships regarding land tenure in agriculture are diverse. From formal systems such as landowner and fixed rent, sharecropping emerges as an alternative in which the owner of the land shares the benefits and risks of the results with tenants. Therefore, land tenure systems differ in terms of the incentives that the landowner offers to
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Socioeconomic status and mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic | LAER 31
This study analyzes mobility patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic for 8 large Latin American cities. Indicators ofmobility by socioeconomic status (SES) are generated by combining geo-referenced mobile phone information with granularcensus data. Before the pandemic, a strong positive association between SES and mobility is documented. With the arrivalof the pandemic, in most cases, a negative
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Size-Dependent Gender Gaps in Entrepreneurship: The Case of Chile | LAER 31
This paper documents differences in firm size depending on whether their manager is a man or a woman and studies the aggregate implications of these gender gaps in Chile. We document that in 2007 less than a quarter of firms are managed by women and that this gap takes its largest value for managers with
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